TY - JOUR
T1 - The more business owners, the merrier? The role of tertiary education
AU - van Praag, Mirjam
AU - van Stel, André
PY - 2013/8/1
Y1 - 2013/8/1
N2 - Policy in developed countries is often based on the assumption that higher business ownership rates induce economic value. Recent microeconomic empirical evidence may lead to a more nuanced view: Especially the top-performing business owners are responsible for the value creation of business owners. Other labor market participants would contribute more to economic value creation as an employee than as a business owner. The implied existence of an "optimal" business ownership rate would thus replace the dictum of "the more business owners, the merrier." We attempt to establish whether there is such an optimal level, i.e., a quadratic relation between the business ownership rate and economic output rather than a linear or higher-order relationship, while investigating the role of tertiary education. Two findings stand out. First, by estimating extended versions of traditional Cobb-Douglas production functions on a sample of 19 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, we indeed find robust evidence of an optimal business ownership rate. Second, the relation between business ownership and macroeconomic productivity is steeper for countries with higher participation rates in tertiary education. Thus, the optimal business ownership rate tends to decrease with tertiary education levels. This is consistent with microeconomic theory and evidence showing that business owners with higher levels of human capital run larger firms.
AB - Policy in developed countries is often based on the assumption that higher business ownership rates induce economic value. Recent microeconomic empirical evidence may lead to a more nuanced view: Especially the top-performing business owners are responsible for the value creation of business owners. Other labor market participants would contribute more to economic value creation as an employee than as a business owner. The implied existence of an "optimal" business ownership rate would thus replace the dictum of "the more business owners, the merrier." We attempt to establish whether there is such an optimal level, i.e., a quadratic relation between the business ownership rate and economic output rather than a linear or higher-order relationship, while investigating the role of tertiary education. Two findings stand out. First, by estimating extended versions of traditional Cobb-Douglas production functions on a sample of 19 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, we indeed find robust evidence of an optimal business ownership rate. Second, the relation between business ownership and macroeconomic productivity is steeper for countries with higher participation rates in tertiary education. Thus, the optimal business ownership rate tends to decrease with tertiary education levels. This is consistent with microeconomic theory and evidence showing that business owners with higher levels of human capital run larger firms.
KW - (Returns to) education
KW - Business ownership
KW - Cross-country comparison
KW - Human capital
KW - Production function
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U2 - 10.1007/s11187-012-9436-x
DO - 10.1007/s11187-012-9436-x
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84880042327
SN - 0921-898X
VL - 41
SP - 335
EP - 357
JO - Small Business Economics
JF - Small Business Economics
IS - 2
ER -