TY - JOUR
T1 - The Placebo and Nocebo effect on sports performance
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Hurst, Philip
AU - Schipof-Godart, Lieke
AU - Szabo, Attila
AU - Raglin, John
AU - Hettinga, Florentina
AU - Roelands, Bart
AU - Lane, Andrew
AU - Foad, Abby
AU - Coleman, Damian
AU - Beedie, Chris
PY - 2020/3/15
Y1 - 2020/3/15
N2 - The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: (1) nutritional and (2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.
AB - The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: (1) nutritional and (2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070947714&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098
DO - 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098
M3 - Article
SN - 1746-1391
VL - 20
SP - 279
EP - 292
JO - European journal of sport science
JF - European journal of sport science
IS - 3
ER -