Toxicity in Neonicotinoids to Folsima candida and Eisenia andrei

Cláudia de Lima e Silva*, Winona de Rooij, Rudo A. Verweij, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

    Abstract

    We compared the toxicity of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and clothianidin in terms of the survival and reproduction of 2 species of soil invertebrates, Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei. Tests were performed using LUFA 2.2 natural soil, following standard protocols aimed at answering 2 questions: 1) Is there a difference in the toxicity between pure compound and its formulation? and 2) Is there a difference in the sensitivity of the species exposed to the same compound? For E. andrei, formulations and pure compounds had similar toxicity to both endpoints tested. For F. candida, acetamiprid and imidacloprid had different toxicities, with acetamiprid being 4 times more toxic to survival (median lethal concentration [LC50] 0.12 mg active substance [a.s.]/kg dry soil) and imidacloprid being 4 times more toxic to reproduction of the springtail (median effect concentration [EC50] 0.25 mg a.s./kg dry soil) than their commercial formulations. The most toxic compound to E. andrei was acetamiprid (LC50 0.80 and EC50 0.35–0.40 mg a.s./kg), and the most toxic to F. candida was clothianidin (LC50 0.07 and EC50 0.05 mg a.s./kg). Estimated risk ratios indicated that only one application/yr of clothianidin in the formulation Poncho® may pose a threat to the populations of springtails and earthworms.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)Pages 548-555
    Number of pages8
    JournalEnvironmental toxicology and chemistry
    Volume39
    Issue number3
    Early online date14 Nov 2019
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Mar 2020

    Funding

    The authors would like to acknowledge the Brazilian Programme Science without Borders, under CNPq grant number 203503/2014‐7.

    Keywords

    • Risk assessment
    • Soil ecotoxicology
    • Soil invertebrates

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