Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, India

Chayanika Rathore; Mahua Saha; Jacob de Boer; Aniket Desai; Priyansha Gupta; Akshata Naik; Haritha Yespal Subha

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621

Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, India

Chayanika Rathore, Mahua Saha^*, Jacob de Boer, Aniket Desai, Priyansha Gupta, Akshata Naik, Haritha Yespal Subha

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

10 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Owing to their pervasive dispersion in the environment and their potential ramifications on both marine life and human health, microplastics (MPs) are of increasing concern. However, there is still a lack of research on the release of MPs from different land-based pathways like creeks, drainage outfalls, and conduits into coastal water systems in India. This study represents comprehensive research into the attribution of MPs in the estuarine system, specifically those emanating from wastewater sources in Panjim City, Goa, India. Urban wastewater collected from different locations in and around Panjim City exhibited values ranging from 79 ± 21 to 338 ± 7 MPs/L, with a prevalence of fibrous and black MP particles. The size range of the MPs at all sampling sites was 100–300 μm. Analysis by μ-FTIR revealed 35 distinct polymeric compositions in wastewater, with a dominance of polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). Additionally, primary and secondary MPs were studied to unravel the contributions from land-based sources. This included the quantification of MPs in ten samples from personal care products (PCPs) and twenty samples from washing machine effluents (WMEs). MPs in PCPs ranged from 1.8 to 1554 MPs/g. Microfibres and fragments were predominant in WMEs (3986 to 4898 MPs/L). This study suggests a strong relation between polymers found in wastewater effluent and those present in PCPs and WMEs. The identified polymers showed high polymer hazard indices (IV and V), posing a significant threat to the ecosystem and a potential risk to human health.

Original language	English
Article number	169621
Pages (from-to)	1-14
Number of pages	14
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	913
Early online date	27 Dec 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621
Publication status	Published - 25 Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173.

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023

Keywords

Microplastics
Personal care products
Sewage
Washing machine effluents
Wastewater
μ-FTIR

Access to Document

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621

Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, IndiaFinal published version, 6 MBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

Persistent URL (handle)

Persistent link

Cite this

@article{d3e4647d52c849a1b8af9e14d538684e,

title = "Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, India",

abstract = "Owing to their pervasive dispersion in the environment and their potential ramifications on both marine life and human health, microplastics (MPs) are of increasing concern. However, there is still a lack of research on the release of MPs from different land-based pathways like creeks, drainage outfalls, and conduits into coastal water systems in India. This study represents comprehensive research into the attribution of MPs in the estuarine system, specifically those emanating from wastewater sources in Panjim City, Goa, India. Urban wastewater collected from different locations in and around Panjim City exhibited values ranging from 79 ± 21 to 338 ± 7 MPs/L, with a prevalence of fibrous and black MP particles. The size range of the MPs at all sampling sites was 100–300 μm. Analysis by μ-FTIR revealed 35 distinct polymeric compositions in wastewater, with a dominance of polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). Additionally, primary and secondary MPs were studied to unravel the contributions from land-based sources. This included the quantification of MPs in ten samples from personal care products (PCPs) and twenty samples from washing machine effluents (WMEs). MPs in PCPs ranged from 1.8 to 1554 MPs/g. Microfibres and fragments were predominant in WMEs (3986 to 4898 MPs/L). This study suggests a strong relation between polymers found in wastewater effluent and those present in PCPs and WMEs. The identified polymers showed high polymer hazard indices (IV and V), posing a significant threat to the ecosystem and a potential risk to human health.",

keywords = "Microplastics, Personal care products, Sewage, Washing machine effluents, Wastewater, μ-FTIR",

author = "Chayanika Rathore and Mahua Saha and {de Boer}, Jacob and Aniket Desai and Priyansha Gupta and Akshata Naik and Subha, {Haritha Yespal}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621",

language = "English",

volume = "913",

pages = "1--14",

journal = "Science of the Total Environment",

issn = "0048-9697",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, India

AU - Rathore, Chayanika

AU - Saha, Mahua

AU - de Boer, Jacob

AU - Desai, Aniket

AU - Gupta, Priyansha

AU - Naik, Akshata

AU - Subha, Haritha Yespal

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Prof. Sunil Kumar Singh, the Director of CSIR-NIO, Goa, receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Chayanika Rathore and Priyansha Gupta are also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for a doctoral research fellowship under the DST-INSPIRE scheme (Sanction no. DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/ IF180280 and IF180238). We are also thankful to Dr. Aninda Majumdar and Dr. Mandar Nanajkar for providing us with instruments as and when required. Sincere thanks to Dr. Suneel Vasimalla and Dr. Narsinh Thakur for their constant support. Many thanks to GSPCB official Mr. Vijay Kansekar. Also, my extended thanks to Suyog Kamble who helped us with sample collection along with the principal and students of Dhempe College of Arts and Science (Miramar, Goa). The authors appreciate the critical suggestions from anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. This represents CSIR-NIO, Goa contribution number 7173. Publisher Copyright: © 2023

PY - 2024/2/25

Y1 - 2024/2/25

N2 - Owing to their pervasive dispersion in the environment and their potential ramifications on both marine life and human health, microplastics (MPs) are of increasing concern. However, there is still a lack of research on the release of MPs from different land-based pathways like creeks, drainage outfalls, and conduits into coastal water systems in India. This study represents comprehensive research into the attribution of MPs in the estuarine system, specifically those emanating from wastewater sources in Panjim City, Goa, India. Urban wastewater collected from different locations in and around Panjim City exhibited values ranging from 79 ± 21 to 338 ± 7 MPs/L, with a prevalence of fibrous and black MP particles. The size range of the MPs at all sampling sites was 100–300 μm. Analysis by μ-FTIR revealed 35 distinct polymeric compositions in wastewater, with a dominance of polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). Additionally, primary and secondary MPs were studied to unravel the contributions from land-based sources. This included the quantification of MPs in ten samples from personal care products (PCPs) and twenty samples from washing machine effluents (WMEs). MPs in PCPs ranged from 1.8 to 1554 MPs/g. Microfibres and fragments were predominant in WMEs (3986 to 4898 MPs/L). This study suggests a strong relation between polymers found in wastewater effluent and those present in PCPs and WMEs. The identified polymers showed high polymer hazard indices (IV and V), posing a significant threat to the ecosystem and a potential risk to human health.

AB - Owing to their pervasive dispersion in the environment and their potential ramifications on both marine life and human health, microplastics (MPs) are of increasing concern. However, there is still a lack of research on the release of MPs from different land-based pathways like creeks, drainage outfalls, and conduits into coastal water systems in India. This study represents comprehensive research into the attribution of MPs in the estuarine system, specifically those emanating from wastewater sources in Panjim City, Goa, India. Urban wastewater collected from different locations in and around Panjim City exhibited values ranging from 79 ± 21 to 338 ± 7 MPs/L, with a prevalence of fibrous and black MP particles. The size range of the MPs at all sampling sites was 100–300 μm. Analysis by μ-FTIR revealed 35 distinct polymeric compositions in wastewater, with a dominance of polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). Additionally, primary and secondary MPs were studied to unravel the contributions from land-based sources. This included the quantification of MPs in ten samples from personal care products (PCPs) and twenty samples from washing machine effluents (WMEs). MPs in PCPs ranged from 1.8 to 1554 MPs/g. Microfibres and fragments were predominant in WMEs (3986 to 4898 MPs/L). This study suggests a strong relation between polymers found in wastewater effluent and those present in PCPs and WMEs. The identified polymers showed high polymer hazard indices (IV and V), posing a significant threat to the ecosystem and a potential risk to human health.

KW - Microplastics

KW - Personal care products

KW - Sewage

KW - Washing machine effluents

KW - Wastewater

KW - μ-FTIR

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182740611&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85182740611&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169621

M3 - Article

C2 - 38157900

AN - SCOPUS:85182740611

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 913

SP - 1

EP - 14

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 169621

ER -

Unraveling the land-based discharge of microplastics from sewers to oceans – A comprehensive study and risk assessment in wastewaters of Goa, India

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this