Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that does not currently have a robust clinical diagnostic test. Nonmotor symptoms such as skin disorders have long since been associated with the disease, and more recently a characteristic odor emanating from the skin of people with Parkinson's has been identified. Here, dynamic head space (DHS) thermal desorption (TD) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is implemented to directly measure the volatile components of sebum on swabs sampled from people with Parkinson's-both drug naïve and those on PD medications (n = 100) and control subjects (n = 29). Supervised multivariate analyses of data showed 84.4% correct classification of PD cases using all detected volatile compounds. Variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were generated from these data, which revealed eight features with VIP > 1 and p < 0.05 which all presented a downregulation within the control cohorts. Purified standards based on previously annotated analytes of interest eicosane and octadecanal did not match to patient sample data, although multiple metabolite features are annotated with these compounds all with high spectral matches indicating the presence of a series of similar structured species. DHS-TD-GC-MS analysis of a range of lipid standards has revealed the presence of common hydrocarbon species rather than differentiated intact compounds which are hypothesized to be breakdown products of lipids. This replication study validates that a differential volatile profile between control and PD cohorts can be measured using an analytical method that measures volatile compounds directly from skin swabs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 300-306 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | ACS Central Science |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 12 Feb 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank Michael J Fox Foundation (grant ref: 12921) and Parkinson’s UK (grant ref: K-1504) for funding this study. This work was supported by an EPSRC DTA grant to the School of Chemistry, which has funded the Ph.D. project of E.S. and the BBSRC (award BB/L015048/1) for instrumentation used in this work. We also thank our recruitment centres for their enthusiasm and rigor during the recruitment process. We are very grateful to all the participants who took part in this study as well as PIs and nurses across all the recruiting centres. We also thank Richard Weller for feedback and discussions on sebum and dermatology.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Funding
We thank Michael J Fox Foundation (grant ref: 12921) and Parkinson’s UK (grant ref: K-1504) for funding this study. This work was supported by an EPSRC DTA grant to the School of Chemistry, which has funded the Ph.D. project of E.S. and the BBSRC (award BB/L015048/1) for instrumentation used in this work. We also thank our recruitment centres for their enthusiasm and rigor during the recruitment process. We are very grateful to all the participants who took part in this study as well as PIs and nurses across all the recruiting centres. We also thank Richard Weller for feedback and discussions on sebum and dermatology.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research | 12921 |
| Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council | |
| Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council | BB/L015048/1 |
| Parkinson's UK | K-1504 |