Varieties of islamic religious education and the link with citizenship education

This chapter reconsiders all the previous chapters, focusing on possible linkages between IRE and Citizenship Education (CE). The conceptions of IRE are characterised according to their exclusivity, inclusivity, and plurality. For CE, the notions “minimal citizenship education” and “maximal citizenship education” are used. Next to an exclusive case and some partially plural cases, the majority of cases could be categorised as inclusive combined with a minimal or maximal conception of CE. In some cases the link with CE is not explicitly addressed. Instead of stating clearly the pedagogical aims of both forms of education, there is quite often a strong emphasis in IRE on the importance of countering terrorism and radicalisation.