Virtual reality cognitive-behavioural therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for paranoid delusions: a study protocol for a single-blind multi-Centre randomised controlled superiority trial

M. Berkhof*, E. C.D. van der Stouwe, B. Lestestuiver, E. van’t Hag, R. van Grunsven, J. de Jager, E. Kooijmans, C. E.R. Zandee, A. B.P. Staring, R. M.C.A. Pot-Kolder, M. Vos, W. Veling

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background: Seventy per cent of patients with psychotic disorders has paranoid delusions. Paranoid delusions are associated with significant distress, hospital admission and social isolation. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is the primary psychological treatment, but the median effect size is only small to medium. Virtual reality (VR) has a great potential to improve the effectiveness of CBTp. In a previous study, we found that VR based CBT (VRcbt) for paranoid delusions is superior to waiting list. As a next step, a direct comparison with CBTp is needed. The present study aims to investigate whether VRcbt is more effective and cost-effective than regular CBTp in treating paranoid delusions and improving daily life social functioning of patients with psychotic disorders. Methods: A total of 106 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and at least moderate level of paranoid ideations will be recruited for this multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients will be randomized to either VRcbt or standard CBTp for paranoid delusions. VRcbt consists of maximum 16 sessions in virtual social situations that trigger paranoid ideations and distress, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. Standard CBTp also consists of maximum 16 sessions including exposure and behavioural experiments, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. The two groups will be compared at baseline, post-treatment and six months follow-up. Primary outcome is the level of paranoid ideations in daily life social situations, measured with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at semi-random moments ten times a day during seven days, before and after treatment. Every session, participants and therapists will rate the level of paranoid ideation and global clinical impression. Discussion: Comparison of VRcbt and CBTp will provide information about the relative (cost-) effectiveness of VRcbt for this population. VRcbt may become a preferred psychological treatment for paranoid delusions and social anxiety in patients with psychotic disorder. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NL7758. Registered on 23 May 2019.

Original languageEnglish
Article number496
Pages (from-to)1-10
Number of pages10
JournalBMC Psychiatry
Volume21
Early online date11 Oct 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study is funded by the Brain Foundation Netherlands (grant number HA2017.01.04). The study has been approved by the medical ethical board of University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen (NL66850.042.18), and is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study has been registered prospectively in the Netherlands Trial Register, trial number NL7758.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Keywords

  • Cognitive Behavioural therapy
  • Cost-effectivity
  • Delusions
  • Paranoia
  • Psychotic disorder
  • Social anxiety
  • Social functioning
  • Virtual reality

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Virtual reality cognitive-behavioural therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for paranoid delusions: a study protocol for a single-blind multi-Centre randomised controlled superiority trial'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this