Water, worry, and wellbeing: Evaluating the impacts of floods and flood adaptation on life satisfaction

Floods have large societal impacts worldwide, causing both tangible and intangible damage resulting in loss of subjective wellbeing. The adaptive behavior of households can play an important role in minimizing these damages. To understand these dynamics, this study examines the effect of floods on life satisfaction and explores how flood adaptation can mitigate the negative impacts of floods on life satisfaction. Data was collected following the 2021 summer floods in the south of the Netherlands from approximately 1500 Dutch households who lived in flooded areas or faced the threat of the flood. The results reveal a negative effect of flood experiences on life satisfaction. Implementing structural adaptation measures was found to moderate this relationship. When structural measures are implemented, the negative impact of flood damage on life satisfaction is partially mitigated. In addition, we observe a drop in life satisfaction for low-income individuals who were not reimbursed for flood damages. These findings highlight the potential of flood adaptation in mitigating the loss of life satisfaction during a flood event and enhancing post-flood recovery.