Abstract
Apart from producing high bond strength to tooth enamel and dentin, a dental adhesive with biotherapeutic potential is clinically desirable, aiming to further improve tooth restoration longevity. In this laboratory study, an experimental two-step universal adhesive, referred to as Exp_2UA, applicable in both the etch-and-rinse (E&R) and self-etch (SE) modes and combining a primer, containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogen phosphate as a functional monomer with chemical binding potential to hydroxyapatite, with a bioglass-containing hydrophobic adhesive resin, was multifactorially investigated. In addition to primary property assessment, including measurement of bond strength, water sorption, solubility, and polymerization efficiency, the resultant adhesive-dentin interface was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the filler composition was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the bioactive potential of the adhesive was estimated by measuring the long-term ion release and assessing its antienzymatic and antibacterial potential. Four representative commercial adhesives were used as reference/controls. Application in both the E&R and SE modes resulted in a durable bonding performance to dentin, as evidenced by favorable 1 year aged bond strength data and a tight interfacial ultrastructure that, as examined by TEM, remained ultramorphologically unaltered upon 1 year of water storage aging. TEM revealed a 20 μm thick hydrophobic adhesive layer with a homogeneous bioglass filler distribution. Adequate polymerization conversion resulted in extremely low water sorption and solubility. In situ zymography revealed reduced endogenous proteolytic activity, while Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation was inhibited. In conclusion, the three-/two-step E&R/SE Exp2UA combines the high bonding potential and bond degradation resistance with long-term ion release, rendering the adhesive antienzymatic and antibacterial potential.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 30120-30135 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 27 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 8 Jul 2020 |
Funding
GC Europe is gratefully acknowledged for collaborating to produce the experimental adhesive and providing other commercial adhesives and composites. C.Y.’s research stay and research conducted at BIOMAT of KU Leuven were partially supported by the China Scholarship Council (file no. 201706270148). J.V. is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen, mandate 12Z0920N) and is financially supported by KU Leuven through a C1 grant (C16/17/010) and an FWO-Vlaanderen grant (G0A3820N). F.Z. is a postdoctoral fellow of FWO Vlaanderen (mandate 12S8418N). The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| FWO-Vlaanderen | G0A3820N |
| Research Foundation of Flanders | |
| Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | 12Z0920N |
| KU Leuven | C16/17/010 |
| China Scholarship Council | 201706270148 |
